Reorganizing and Rebuilding the Pig Farming Industry affected by the NIPAH Viral Encephalitis Epidemic
Federation of Livestock Farmers Association Malaysia Endorsed and Supported by Malaysian Pork Consumers & Community Organizations |
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Guidelines
for Establishing New Pig Farming Areas (PFAs)
by Task Force Of Federation of Livestock Farmers' Association Prelimary estimates indicate that around 375,000 pigs in the remaining farms requires resettlement into the new pig farming areas(PFA’s). If local production is intended to be self-sufficient, then another 320,000 SPP is needed. Thus to be self-sufficient in pork, around 700,000 SPP needs settlement in the new PFA’s. If there is the need to re-establish the export market of 1.0 million pigs yearly, an additional 650,000 SPP is needed. 
Pig Farming Areas(PFA’s) Establishment and Pig Numbers It is difficult to be very definite about the number of PFA’s to be established to cater for the 700,000 SPP alone. In terms of animal health consideration, probably each PFA should not hold more than 150,000 to 200,000 SPP. However, to ensure an abattoir within the PFA to have a slaughtering capacity of at least 450,000 head annually (i.e. around 1,500 head per working day), the minimum SPP needed should be around 300,000 head. Therefore, it may be feasible to have a PFA that has 300,000 SPP but located and operated in three to four separate sub-units. The physical separation of at least 500 metre between the sub-units is essential to minimise disease spreading between the sub-units. Alternatively, if the abattoir is build not within the PFA area, then the abattoir can slaughter pigs from different sources. Such abattoir could have a daily capacity of say 2,000 to 3,000 heads.
There has been so many sets of figures being talked about. In the PFA in Negeri Sembilan, the farmstead land area (the plot of land sold to the farmer) caters for 700 head per acre or 1,729 head per hectare – this works out to 5.78 sq. metre per SPP. An area of 6.0 sq. metre per SPP in the farmstead proper (where the pig pens are built) is adequate. However, it is the land areas for waste management, sludge disposal, buffer zones, the infrastructure and central facilities that need adequate catering – such areas are always more than the farmstead area proper itself. The table below gives the breakdown of the area requirement on each SPP basis. Working on that basis, the total area in a PFA required for each SPP ranges from 13.5 sq. metre to 30.0 sq. metre. When land allocation is 30 sq metre per SPP, then the farm can afford to practise the “zero discharge” system, meaning no waste water or solid sludge is removed from the farm. In other words, if the TOTAL AREA of the whole PFA is taken together, the holding capacity ranges from 333 head to 740 head per hectare. LAND AREA REQUIREMENTS FOR PFA’S
WITH
When planning for a PFA of the future, choices A and B (refer to table above) would be bad choices. Choice A should not be considered in any new PFA’s, because such high technology system requires high capital inputs to install the system, high technical skill to maintain the system to operate at high efficiency as well as high cost to run. Choice C is acceptable provided waste water discharge fulfills all compliance standards. Such system needs good maintenance. To avoid a lot of headaches and relatively high input on maintenance, choice D is the better one. In short, when choosing land area for future PFA, it is advisable to work on 30 sq. metre per SPP intended. If land is really scarce or very expensive, 20 sq. metre per SPP would be acceptable with reservations. Based on choice C and D land required for PFA’s with different SPP shall be:-
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